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CANCER SCREENING SAVES LIVES.

TEST TODAY.

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is cancer of the colon or rectum.1 Screening tests can detect it early, leading to improved survival rates.1

Screening

Stages of Colorectal Cancer

Cancer staging assists physicians in devising optimal treatment strategies.2
There are 5 major stages of colorectal cancer:3

Stage 0 colon cancer is limited to the mucosa, the inner lining of the colon.

In Stage I, the tumour has grown beyond the inner lining but remains in the colon and hasn’t reached the lymph nodes.

Stage II involves the cancer penetrating the outer muscle layer of the colon without lymph node involvement.

At Stage III the cancer has extended to lymph nodes outside the colon.

By Stage IV, the cancer has spread to distant organs like the liver or lungs, possibly with lymph node presence.

Depending on the extend of spread, cancer is also grouped into 3 main categories:4

  • Localised: No indication of cancer spreading beyond the colon or rectum.

  • Regional: Cancer extending to nearby structures or lymph nodes beyond the colon or rectum.

  • Distant: Cancer has spread to distant body parts like liver, lungs, or distant lymph nodes.

Survival Rates4‬‬

Survival rates provide insights into the percentage of individuals who remain alive after a specific duration (typically 5 years) following their cancer diagnosis, offering valuable information about the prognosis for individuals with a similar cancer type and stage.

5-Year relative survival rates

graph

Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the Middle East and Northern Africa7

graph

From the above graph, it is clear that approximately one third of cases were diagnosed at stage IV, when the cancer has spread to distant body parts. Early detection matters. By getting screened early, individuals can catch colorectal cancer in its early stages, significantly improving chances of survival and leading to better health outcomes.8

 

Symptoms

Below are the major symptoms of colorectal cancer:1

Fatigue and shortness of breath


Persistent changes in bowel habits


Unexplained
weight loss


Vomiting


Bloating or abdominal pain


Blood in or
on the stool

Colon cancer can also be detected without any symptoms.1

 

Risk Factors

There are two categories of risk factors associated with colorectal cancer:1

Risk Factors

What can I do to reduce my risk of getting CRC?1,9

Quit
Smoking
Eat Fruits and Vegetables
Limit Alcohol Intake
Exercise and Maintain Healthy Weight
Routine CRC Screening

Talk to your healthcare provider about colorectal cancer screening today

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All images are actor portrayals only.

This is an educational website on cancer screening. This information should not be used in place of advice from your doctor or other healthcare professional. For further information and advice, please contact your doctor.

References

1. Colorectal colon cancer. Cleveland Clinic. 2023. Last Accessed Aug 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14501-colorectal-colon-cancer. 2. Stages of Cancer. Cancer.net. Feb 2021. Last accesssed on Aug 2023. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/diagnosing-cancer/stages-cancer. 3. Stages of Colon Cancer. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. 2023. Last Accessed Aug 2023. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/colon/stages. 4. Survival Rates for Colorectal Cancer. American Cancer Society. March 2023. Last Accessed Aug 2023. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html. 5. National CancerInstitute. Cancer Stat Facts: Colorectal Cancer. Accessed October 7, 2024. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/colorect.html 6. National Cancer Institute. Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Health Professional Version. Accessed October 7, 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colon-treatment-pdq. 7. Znaor A, et al. Stage at diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the Middle East and Northern Africa: A population-based cancer registry study. Int J Cancer. 2024;155(1):54-60. 8. Philipson, T.J., Durie, T, et al. The aggregate value of cancer screenings in the United States: full potential value and value considering adherence. BMC Health Serv Res. 23, 829 (2023). 9. Colorectal (Colon) Cancer. What Can I Do to Reduce My Risk of Colorectal Cancer? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last Accessed August 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/prevention.htm.

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